Council of Superior Court Judges of Georgia Suite 104, 18 Capitol Square, Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (404) 656-4964 Fax (404) 651-8626

August 2020

To All Recipients of Suggested Pattern Jury Instructions:

The Council of Superior Court Judges of Georgia is pleased to present the August 2020 update to the Suggested Pattern Jury Instructions, Vol. I: Civil Cases, 5th ed. (2007). The

sections provided contain the changes; please replace the original sections in their entirety.

We encourage attorneys to submit pattern jury instructions to judges and to do so either by

reproducing specific charges contained herein or by citing pages in these volumes.

The Council welcomes suggestions for revising or adding to the pattern instructions with regard to content, language, or format to promote the goal of providing pattern instructions that are accurate, understandable, and convenient. Please submit any suggestions to the

Pattern Jury Instructions Committee of the Council at the above address.

List of Amended Charges

14.030

14.031

14.032

23.330

23.340

23.357

23.590

Condemnation; Burden of Proof (citation revised) Condemnation; Burden of Proof; Defined (charge deleted)

Condemnation; Burden of Proof; Preponderance of Evidence (charge deleted)

Exclusions from Income (charge revised) Imputed Income (charge revised)

Underemployment; Imputed-Minimum Wage Income (charge revised)

Verdict; Deviation (citation revised)

Suggested Pattern Jury Instructions

Volume I: Civil Cases State of Georgia

Fifth Edition

By the Council of Superior Court Judges of Georgia

© 2019 by the Council of Superior Court Judges of Georgia All rights reserved. First edition 1980 Printed in the United States of America

Dedication

Marcus B. Calhoun

Judge Marcus Calhoun was one of the moving forces in drafting and publishing standard, or “pattern,” jury charges for use throughout Georgia. For many years, he was chair of the Pattern Jury Instructions Committee of the Council of Superior Court Judges of Georgia. The suggested pattern jury instructions have achieved widespread acceptance in large part because of the tireless efforts of Judge Calhoun.

Judge Marcus B. Calhoun was born on June 7, 1917, in Mt. Vernon, Georgia. His father, also named Marcus B. Calhoun, was an attorney in the private practice of law in Montgomery County, Georgia, until his death in 1934. His mother, the former Annie Griffith of Athens, Georgia, taught music at Brewton Parker College.

Judge Calhoun received an associate degree from Brewton Parker College in 1936. Further education was interrupted by the death of his father and the Great Depression, so he entered the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), where he worked clearing swamp land in southeastern Georgia. Upon leaving the CCC, he moved to Atlanta, where he secured employment as an investigator/adjuster for an insurance company while attending Atlanta Law School at night. Upon receiving his LL.B. from the Atlanta Law School, he was admitted to the practice of law in Georgia in 1939.

Judge Calhoun first used his law degree to join the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), where he served from 1940 through 1945. During that time, he was assigned as a special agent in the Baltimore, New York, and Atlanta offices of the FBI. While he worked on all

types of matters handled by the Bureau, his primary focus during the war years was directed toward uncovering Nazi espionage.

In 1946, Judge Calhoun left the FBI and moved to Thomasville, Georgia, to join Frank L. Forester in what, for twenty-one years, would remain the two-man firm of Forester & Calhoun. Judge Calhoun was the trial lawyer in what was essentially a small-town general practice. During the 1950s, he was appointed solicitor for the City Court of Thomasville, a part-time position he retained until he was appointed district attorney of the Southern Judicial Circuit in 1967.

In April 1969, Judge Calhoun was appointed to the Superior Court Bench by Gov. Lester Maddox. He served in that capacity until accepting senior judge status on April 15, 1979. He continued to serve as a senior judge until his death in April 1998. During most of his tenure as a senior judge, he also remained active on the Pattern Jury Committee.

Judge Calhoun married the former Bernice Wolfe of Wilkes County, Georgia, on June 15, 1940. Mrs. Calhoun died in 1999. They had three sons and one daughter. All three sons are graduates of the University of Georgia School of Law: Marcus Benton Calhoun, Jr., is a practicing attorney with the Columbus, Georgia, firm of Page, Scrantom, Sprouse, Tucker & Ford; William M. Calhoun is a member of the faculty of the U.S. Navy War College, Providence, Rhode Island; and Samuel W. Calhoun is a professor of law at Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia. Their daughter, Bernice Calhoun Freed, died in November 2000. She was a teacher, farmer, artist, and entrepreneur residing in Guatemala at the time. There are 12 Calhoun grandchildren and 2 great-grandchildren.

In Memory of Rowland W. Barnes

On March 11, 2005, Judge Rowland W. Barnes lost his life while serving on the bench in the Superior Court of Fulton County, one of four people who were killed on that tragic day. The Judges of the Superior Court of Georgia wish to honor Judge Barnes as a respected peer, an admired jurist, and a good friend.

Judge Barnes was born in Cheyenne, Wyoming. A 1962 graduate of Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pennsylvania, he played on the 1961 Middle Atlantic Conference championship football team. He attended law school at George Washington University and Emory University, graduating from Emory in 1972. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1962 until 1970, working at bases in Pennsylvania, Texas, and Alabama and attaining the rank of first lieutenant. He was an attorney for the Department of Housing and Urban Development and worked in real estate, family law, and litigation, mostly as a sole practitioner.

His judicial career started in the early 1980s, when he served as a city court judge in College Park, Fairburn, and Hapeville, Georgia. In 1987, he began serving as a part-time Fulton County Magistrate. In 1998, Judge Barnes was selected by then-governor Zell Miller to become a superior court judge in the Atlanta Judicial Circuit. “I knew the judge well. It was one of my proudest appointments,” said Miller.

Judge Barnes was an active member of the Pattern Jury Instruction Committee, offering many suggestions that have been incorporated into the Suggested Pattern Jury Instructions, both civil and criminal cases, used by all judges throughout the state on a daily basis in charging juries. As such, he was selected to serve as chairman of the subcommittee to revise, update, and improve the instructions dealing with civil matters. He supervised the project and the many judges who worked on and completed what is

now the fourth edition of the civil case instructions, released in July 2004. The work has received favorable comments by trial and appellate judges and lawyers throughout the State.

Though blessed with great intellectual capacity, Judge Barnes was better known for his kindly and disarming demeanor. He will be sorely missed, not only in his home jurisdiction but by judges throughout Georgia. Judge Barnes is survived by his wife, Claudia, two daughters, four stepchildren, and fourteen grandchildren. This volume is dedicated to the memory of Rowland W. Barnes.

CONTENTS

Preface Acknowledgments Evidence; Note Regarding Changes Based upon New Evidence Code uu... eeeeeeeeee 00.000 Preliminary General Instructions (Civil): Before Introduction of Evidence ......... 00.005 TCT RALLY E E cacties E E A A casenasee A T 00.010 Evidence sotie ee e S oes E a E EES 00.020 Parties (Optional) srsscisinnn iiei ies R E E a 00.030 PSUS OL ea KOTO) RAE EEE E EE E eects ea ene 00.040 Credibility- of Witnesses ainia E E E EE E EE E 00.050 Rüles of BViGdence usni i e a T E A E EESE 00.070 Tial Procedtre vitcécctueiet sls ces meek cot Nols. a A E E 00.080 Noté Takins By Jaron ra a E E EE 00.090 Conclude RaT S a a E A O ASE 00.100 Juror Use of Electronic Technology to Conduct Research on or Communicate about a Case siccsisccsissciarssecsadsiahy secasseavassadessaecanusean sasessuatenssdacesdnscdense 00.110 General Instructions 3.55 cgiceS cess lot cesagad na ati caiieande sce tdel oa aatinc eon anne 02.000 PATS ACHING Ghose EE EE EE acto stseshe tev boat oes theese se sceaeg ane¥aueey tae oe E ces teanaeee EE es 02.010 Burden of Proof; Generally; Preponderance of Evidence, Defined 0.0... eee eeeeee 02.020 Burden of Proof; Counterclaims; Clear and Convincing Evidence, Defined................. 02.030 Clear and Convincing Evidence 52: ses, asuactuecicecansacegeat es apacouatsegecedi ns ceaenganseestauenese tees 02.040 Eyidèénce Generally yong ae ice sans tas a data gansta gare ten as aidtotia ad els thc tease AERA 02.100 Evidence, Direct or Circumstantial .....0.....ccccccccceescsccccccccsssssscsccccccsssseusssccccesssseeusneeceeess 02.110 Spila ons oa, eenei Sahay sas cans cayatos tas eei aaa eea noes E T EEE 02.112 Judicia INC Sos hoch E ah Rig Sil te EE CR e 02.114 Limitinis-InstrUétionS 2 5 aed ay seaue Soucactegs ws cada S doce aac O mean EE E EE E E N 02.116 Limiting Instructions/ Conditional Admissibility... eee eeeeeeseeeseceeeeeeeeeeseecnaeenseeees 02.118 Expert WITNESSES. sormr cinien sr e Eea R RAS E AE E A EAEE 02.120 Expert Witness; Fair Market Value; Comparable Sales 0.0.0... .eecceeecceeeeeeeesteeeenteeees 02.121 Credibility- of WVU SSeS Seige 8 Rig syst dala lesa cua aaah oe hho Scien onde leads dee ce 02.130 Witness, Attacked (Old Impeached) jsiici.tsccceasesidesvssjecedasecsaneadesdaaeasuside eeteceaetasuabacesdenceane 02.150 Witness Supported isre enuacauctic ce acon a a anus attaceaseetiaes 02.154 Witness, Impeached, Credibility Attacked iss; 4 icctseticastedenseiateasdaacseetarseae 02.156 Prior Statements ssiri iiie ar E I lea dhavadaa EN A O EE ANER, 02.158 Bailuire to Produce: Evidence Geunisiecsuceyinsine neten eresas ene a Er S OE oR 02.160 Failure to Produce Witnesses; Generally ......ssnsossssesssesssesesseeessresseesseesseeesseeessresseesse 02.161 Failure to Produce Witnesses; Mutual Accessibility 0.0... ceeseeeeseceeeeceeeeeeeteeeeeaes 02.162 Failure to Produce Witnesses; Control by Party ..........cccceeecceessceeseeceeeteeeenteeeenaeeees 02.163 AdMISSIONS oirrese ieaie E E AA E E A N E AE RE E Ea aS 02.170 Acdülescence dr SeN E r A E E A T aa 02.171 Verdicts FOr OF Aaa T E E a a E dade Dede ES RATA doled tes 02.500

Verde UGE GIL. a a a e E EE a 02.510

Verdictin WV TINS fears trctin ttas ceases rede 1s ian a aa ct acon ccaetatagcanty aeanuat E a 02.520

Court Has: No Werest n Case aia cate ain cactcah E eeagaoes oaaded ge 02.530 Condemnation ycsccaseacsatisaeeadeashancteass desatenouvecdusancuandisayaddude E Ee EE OEE RTEA eTEN Easan 02.540 Sympathy sasn aa a a a a a a ia 02.550 Altèrjate UUM OS caii E E E E ts wea en 02.560 Jüry Final- In Ste OMS nonan a a EERSTE 02.570 Verdict (Hüns SUEY) ccir a E EA A E E E EA 02.700 Accord:and Satisfaction osoena siiin e aige ia a aeia 04.000 Accord and Satisfaction; Definitions; Example .........sssssesesseessseessersseesseresseerssresseesseessee 04.010 Accord and Satisfaction; Disputed Amount; Settlement 20.0.0... cece eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees 04.020 Accord and Satisfaction; Acceptance of Less than Amount of Debt ........ eee 04.030 Accord and Satisfaction; Check Reciting Full Payment 200.00... eeesceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 04.040 Accord and Satisfaction; Cashed Check wo. ccceccccccccccccessessscscceccsseseeseeeceeseeees 04.041 Accord and Satisfaction; Uncashed Check woic.cccccccecceccecccccccssssscscccccesessesseecceseeees 04.042 PRB OTN CY ain sc ala ctl a ah dea nt Sub atte a tea a a sth gan dul aM mera ua oak dete 06.000 Agency Creaton sco Slee Se Sara ee ee nes a tee trada seca E ERSE 06.010 Agency; Responsibility of Principal; Extent ...... ce eeecesceseeeeseecsseceseeseeeeeaeecnaeenseenees 06.020 Agency; Authority of Agent; Extent sy5.0.0s.cs2seylaseavesoadslerdbes taassncctandoheddcagsucsatoashes detennestes 06.030 ASENCY; Proof OF css issssscisashiaccalsdenvestasantetansdedavatetaininsbaacisustann desedaaa sages cuavedcaes E REIES 06.040 Agency; Ratification of Agent’s Acts; Generally oo... ceeceeseeeseceseeneeeeeneesnaeenseeees 06.050 Agency; Ratification; Burden of Proof sisson aden ite eae gia eee 06.060 Agency; Ratification; Knowledge of Principal 0.0.0... ceeeceeesceceeneecesececeeeeeeeeeeeenteeeesaes 06.070 Agency Constructive NOUCE sers bncy teres oeastudgheneivns con iaygad tea edneeided obad taysuas santos antetacsees 06.080 BalMmênts a25ceicsies tans ccetl ia oaths iancta E E E TEE 08.000 Bailments; Generally eaire a A E anata aesee mated hoe 08.010 Bailments; Diligence Required; Generally .......sssnsssnssesssesesseeesseesseessessseessseersseesseesseessee 08.020 Bailments; Burden of Proof oo... cceecccccsccccccccsssssscecccccessssseescececcessessussseecescesseueenens 08.030 BS APL OF OOS AOS ccs hes ais a a Neat pis etl aia aie OR a i cela ls 08.040 Bailments; Definitions ........c cece a O A a ESES OE TEOSED TN 08.050 Bäilments: DEPOSI eee aeneae ea e aa E ea Ei aea aai 08.051 Bailments; Depositary for Hire ..........seseneseesseseesseesseesseesserssseessseesseesseesseeesseessseesseese 08.052 Baàilments; Naked Depösit sorrie a ea a a A eaeceeseaas 08.053 Depositaries for Hire; Naked Depositaries; Diligence Required of Each ......... 08.060 Bailees; Voluntary or Involuntary Depositaries; Liability for Naked: Depositar eremie eee A pasevatden ice aanewedouaas E i dens 08.061 Liability of Depositaries for Hire tisiseccsdcassaccesasscceastaneraceusteceden secvcddesedsnecessncasvandeceste 08.062 Bailments; Act of God; Definition ..........ssesssssoesessesssssesresessssssssteresrssssestereersssseseerersssses 08.070 Bailments; Diligence as Affecting Liability ..........snesesssesssssesssessensseseseeessseesseesseesseesseee 08.080 PTGS irs pees secs esate tanita E e E A E A Aa a 10.000 Carriers; Common Carriers; Definitions ..........c i ccceceeececcccccccsssssececceccesesssessescescesseeees 10.010 Carriers; Distinction as Question Of Fact ...........ccccccccccccccessessssececescceceesesseaeceeeeeeseseneaaees 10.020 Carriers; Diligence Required of Each sxvecnsc. ficient Bae a dee eee 10.030 Common Carriers to Transport and Deliver; Duty of ........ cee eeeeeeeeeneeceeeeeeeeeeeenteeeesaes 10.040

2 Contents—civil--updated August 2020

Strike Dy Anier S nip OV CES: aces ccatsat se dcase sarceusacapccanteeaseesatengeataaseecuedapaconcaseetuatenssaaaanes 10.050

Carriers; Acts of God and Public Enemies .................cccccseseseessessssssessssssssssssssssssessseeseees 10.060 Carriers; Limitation of Liability by Contract 20.0.0... eeeececesceecssececeeeeeeneeeeneeeeseeeenaeeees 10.070 Carriers; Passengers Definition 3.22; .4csescadssadepseasscagsaascineasoadeteagandeat edstanenseanduegeasbelonsenaer 10.080 Carriers sDili gence Required: roire a antag E E E E uae 10.090 Carriers; When Duty of Carrier Bnds:, 2225:..s1204.4¢eccassoseaete ct onccasetseqeeaaspecsensaueerchesseuinevews 10.100 Claims to Be Levied upon Property ..................ccccccssccssscecssececeseeeceseeeessececseeessseeeesas 12.000 Claims: Burden of Proofs Generally ss cissiccsissches ecassnscavenshcessaedecsdiavctes dae deceadneabansenotnceseva 12.010 CläamssFraüd: Generally siosioina ee eo Pe nL EN Coe OE eM EAE 12.020 Claims; Fraud; Husband and Wife; Generally ..0....... ce ceeceeeecceesseceeeeeceeeneeeesseeeenaeeeenaeeees 12.030 Claims; Spouse, Secret Equity of ~.ptiese.sascse ste casa tts ssucysdes decsaandncyebdedenes eauesasganesceessaamensoedes 12.040 Claims; Delay, Damages for; Burden of Proof .00....... eee eecceeeseceeeseeecnteeeeneeeeneeeenaeeees 12.050 Condemnation saissetiae a e A oe Reo 14.000 Condemnation; Preliminaries and the Pleadings ........es.soosssssessesssessesssseessseesseessersseeesees 14.010 Condemnation: S E A a A OG BOR 14.020 Condemnation; Burden of Proof ......eeeseesseseeseesessessssessrsrererersrerererererererererererrererrrerrrrrreee 14.030 Condemnation Damage; Direct ss sicu ceca cies os dachives as ces gs cas ueey tests sacdogos base ceosecaoeeuseackeotnetene 14.100 Condemnation; Property, Defined .cscsceyde.chSeavtcassla shod daetcvessesvenegtvantas dass dacedeedabad daatocenaye 14.110 Condemnation Damage; Consequential ............ccceessceeneceseeceseeeceeneeeceeeecsteeeeneeeenaeeees 14.120 Condemnation; Direct Damages for Property Taken or Used .00...... ee eeeeeeeseeeeeteeeenteeees 14.130 Condemnation; Consequential Damages for Property Not Taken .0....... eee eeeeeeeeteeees 14.140 Condemnation; Consequential Damage; Offset for Consequential Benefits; When Applicable ..0.......ceeceeecceceeeeeceeeeeceeeceenteeeeneeees 14.141 Condemnation; Consequential Damage; Benefits, General and Special as Affecting; Definitions 0, 1cca5s:45seacetanaeds dadeccanstevaess aavscenssavene te aeeeseeenes 14.142 Condemnation; Consequential Damage; Inconvenience .............ceeceeeseceesteeeenteeees 14.143 Condemnation; Consequential Damage; Prudent and Proper Construction and Maintenance .0..........cccccsessccccccecessesessecececececsesessseeeseceeeeeensaaees 14.144 Condemnation; Consequential Damage; Business, Removal of ...........:ceeseeeeseeees 14.145 Condemnation; Consequential Damage; Business, Injury to .......... ce eeeeeeeeeeeeeteeees 14.146 Condemnation; Fair Market Value; Defined oo... ceecccccccccccssssesseccecessssessenscesess 14.200 Condemnation; Fair Market Value; Opinion Evidence 2.0.0.0... eeeceeeseceesteeeeeteeeenseeees 14.210 Condemnation; Fair Market Value; Expert Witness ..........eceescceesececseeeeesteeeeneeeenseeees 14.220 Condemnation; All Uses to Be Considered; Test of Adaptability 00... eeeeeeees 14.230 Condemnation; Fair Market Value Not Necessarily Same as Actual Value ................. 14.240 Condemnation; Peculiar Value to Owner; Sentimental or speculative: V ale orien jaya tosses a satus ede atd cass ee thandee A SN 14.250 Condemnation; Change in Value Resulting from Condemnation 2.0.0.0... ceeeeeeeeeneeeee 14.260 Condemnation: Zoning, Effect of qs cessseanscccasedsvanseassacaause chosagnoscensaybsuaeduontvcandeegeedaceonstelavs 14.270 Condemnation; View Of Premises ..........c.cccccccsssssssecccccccceesssssscccccccsssusssscseccsssuueusneececess 14.280 Condemnation; Limited-Access Road; Definition .......cc cc eeecceccccccceeesseseccecceseseeseeseceeees 14.300 Condemnation; Limited-Access Road; Deprivation of Access Rights ............eeeeeeeees 14.310 Condemnation; Leased Property ssci.sssceiiescsevstaveiccadessdvaithecesacacssgeadeaseaseeasseccatesduncnesnaectys 14.400 Verdict QuotiEntiss.cssSsdvccesss cages seeitsccssbesuevagh acess a a a a Measdasesuesseeededelas 14.500

Contents—civil--updated August 2020 3

Drury Tara Ni Sa CULO Scie ot ve con hn ces tee ia chealacacshiat ae sibsatoncedndve dean eceeneetuads 14.510

Condemnation: Verdict; Generally acess shar i canoe E thea a eae E hat 14.520 Cönträcts naiak Fuse nte heap fags aia aae edu ghana 16.000 Contracts: Definition’: sis ocsessstiest ecsehh caine tients a sass shed ca ipaetednds a a a a a idi 16.010 Contracts: Essential Sicscrics.2AcscsscvatheSoces suds Sos dedod sss cance bayaibed ions dads Sav dededa RAE E 16.020 Contracts Assent: Generally toss aiuustcntes hier o catamaran etait 16.030 Contracts; Assent; Letters and Replies ..ccsccccsssicveisreayacaisdgracsanncvsaratgsoaedesensactasheseneateetect 16.040 Contracts; Assent; Sales of Goods .......ccceecececcccccccssesescecccccccessessseccceccessusessececescssseueenens 16.050 Contracts: NOV atin iis iiicccccervcecvach codices a E de Rice Maeda dbs va Bek dad Gu odd ca dvds dose avd oa et dade 16.060 Contracts; Temporary Departure; Generally oo... eee eeeeeeeceeseeeseeceseeeeeeeeaeecsaeenseeees 16.100 Contracts; Temporary Departure; Sales Of Goods ....... eee ceesceeeeneeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeecnteeeesaes 16.110 Contracts; Good Faith Performance, Duty Of ........ eee ceeececeeseeeeseeeceeeeeceeeeeceeeeeeneeeesaes 16.200 Contracts; Economic Impossibility of Performance 00.0... cee eseesseceseceeeeeeseecnaeeneeees 16.210 Contracts; Accident and Mistake .........cccccceccccccccccssessscecccccecsssesesssceccesssssessceceecssseueenens 16.220

Contracts; Accident; Definition ......... cc eeececcccccccccssesescecccccesessesssesccecssssusenseesceeseeees 16.221 Contracts; Mistake; Definition; Degree Of Proof ......... eee eeeseeceeneeceeeeeceeeeeceeeeecneeeesaes 16.300 Contracts; Mistake Of Law menan a a a a aa a aiia 16.310 Coönttacts: Mistake Of Fact erena a A NA ee eee 16.320 Contracts; Reformation; Mutual Mistake ..........oseeseesnennessessssseresssssssseererrssssssesrerreessssese 16.330 (Contracts: Diligence ING ois ONCE arrini i E E EREE tae uae RE E 16.400 Contracts; Duty to Ascertain Facts sca ccascsccesisateagencsganasunssepvesecsaseneasanse lea tyaaceessacemsaatea 16.410 Contracts; Misrepresentation; Fraud <.c.ccc.csdescscssaiencceutevevsienssusecadssaveescdennsdeaendeedaceees enlea 16.420 Contracts; Recission or Cancellation; Unilateral Mistake ........ccccc cc cceeeseeccccceceeeeeees 16.500 Contracts; Execution of Contract; Unilateral Mistake .o....... eee ccccceseeseseecccceeeeseenees 16.510 Contracts =A CCOUNE cis tiieds20e eink Bek whee Reds oe ode dbds Wide BI Re Tis Se OBE Meth coded 16.600 Contracts; Account; Defimition neiss eeccccccccccccsssssscecccccesessssessscesccssssseeseeeceecesssuuenees 16.610 Contracts; Account; Defendant Must Authorize Account ....e.eesesesesesererererererererererereree 16.620 Contracts; Account; Plaintiff Must Prove Correctness .......esesesesesererererererererererrrererereree 16.630 Contracts s Account Stated es. cee a Beads coe hb sass des A as a? 16.640 Contracts; Account Stated by Implication 20.0... eee ceesseceesseceeneeeeeneeceeneeceeeeeeseeeeenteeeesaes 16.650 Contracts: Quantum: Merit siaieccssscieesitn leckcd esas te isk cae shades A ba aaah RTA 16.700 Contracts; Quantum Meruit; Statutory Provision .........eeceeeseeceeneeceseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeesaes 16.710 Contracts; Quantum Meruit, Definition .0............ccccceccccccececeeeesensececececeesssessaeceeeceeeeeeneas 16.720 Contracts; Quantum Meruit; Amount Of Recovery .........ecceeesseceeneeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeceteeeesaes 16.730 Contracts; Quantum Meruit; Not Applicable Where

Express: Contract Exists siseses ieina i a a E e a a R 16.740 Contracts; Quantum Meruit; Essential Requisites for Recovery .......sesssseesseessessseesseee 16.750 Contracts; Quantum Meruit, Circumstances between Near Relatives

for Jury to Determine seriernes tiini iie nne e iE a eiea oraaa iaa 16.760 Contracts; RESCISSION a a a e se a a a R s e ona EnS 16.800 Contracts: Rescission: by Consente meenet riea a E a E E 16.810 Contracts; Rescission; for Nonperformance ........ssesssesssesessseesseessersseeeseesseeesseesseesseesseee 16.820 Contracts; Rescission; Status Quo Ante Required ..........cccecescceesscceeeeeeeesseceenseceeneeeenes 16.830 Contract Damages orcii n aae Monona 18.000 Contract Dania wes erases n w decay tails su tae aoa ates eee ose es 18.010

4 Contents—civil--updated August 2020

Contract Damages: Agreement 4: 1<c5).2sccdessvaccastecsteteet once asansumeaaieaccanteaueeistenccainene 18.011

Contract Damages; Nominal Damages ........... ec eeeeeeeeeeseeeseeceseeesneeeneeceaeceseeeseeeeaeees 18.012 Contract Damages; Attorney’s Fees (Expenses of Litigation); Generally ........0....... 18.020

Attorney’s Fees (Expenses of Litigation); Notes, Provisions in seses 18.021

Attorney’s Fees (Expenses of Litigation); Exemplary Damage .......... eee eee 18.022 Contract Damages; Remote or Consequential 20.0.0... eeecceeescceeeseceeseececsneeeeneeeenaeeeenaeeees 18.030 Contract: Damages Mteres tizersin istae donee ges ainne Ein as ESSES 18.040 Contract Damages; Warranty, Breach of; Land; Personalty 0.0.0... eeeeeeseceesseeeeeteeees 18.050

Watranty; Breachot: Landeo cits sassieycow a aaa beau dee A A a ATESA OEE Eoas 18.051

Waârtanty; Breach: of; Personal (Voi cy ois oneei eaa eat one 18.052 Contract Damages; Expenses: sses iseseisana 18.060 Contract Damages; Lessen Damages, Duty to o.oo... eeeceeeecceeeseceeseeceesteeeeneeeetaeerenaeeess 18.070 Debtor and ‘Creduor: 25555552 AR Gee eee eats 20.000 Debtor and Creditor; Acts Void as Against Creditors; Examples ............cscceeeseeeeeeeeees 20.010 Debtor and Creditor; Good Faith, Test Of ........cccccce ccc cccccessescscccccccessesesscccccsssseeaeaeeseeees 20.020 Debtor and Creditor; Credit on Faith of Title of Spouse ....... eee ceeecceeeseceesseeeenteeeeneeees 20.030 Debtor and Creditor; Right of Debtor to Prefer Creditors oe. eee eeseeeseeeeeeeneeenneeees 20.040 Divorce, Equitable Division of Property, and Alimony ....................0::cccccccesseeeeseeees 22.000 Divorce (Child Support); Preliminary Instructions 0.0... eee ceeeeeeeesseeesseceeeeeeeeeeneecaeenes 22.001 Divorce; In trOduCti OMe zs cs sie desi daca Soccaheeh fs donee Sosa Sekissa dos lecdede aos gs bea os E 22.005 Divorce; How Granted (if contested) .........ccccccccccccccccessessssecececcceceesesseaeceseeeeseeessnteseeeeees 22.010 General Charge: (Grounds) surisi ionni eiiis a n reies easi a e g nitas 22.020 Adultery eeens a e e a a Ea a a a raen ES Ee OEE S EEES 22.025 Cruel Treatment orse i en a e a ERE a e E E Re E E 22.030 Cruel Treatment; Single Act .....ss.sssessesesseesseseseeeresersseesseesserssereseessseesseesseesseresseeesseesseesse 22.040 Crue) Treatment; Mental Cruëlty nicsen a a 22.050 Condonatigh ossessioni pissan aeia E EAEE S ESEE E ESEAS EAEE ERAS 22.060 Irretrievably Broken Marriage inc cfio sg Gas ese Scania de Now sass cue od seas as os eed setae estaaedesboseened 22.070 Divorce; Issues Incidental riiin iii ii en a i i a 22.090 Equitable Division of Property .scc.cessecesssocssaiadesicacbanseasaesjeccdsanasad sa dede seegoante sonsae Codnedeaee 22.100 General sicci innate tat pat tats a ae cic) anaes ies meena Niece ees a Atal es can 22.110 Classification OF Property: pesse tae eke a cet ieee Sead setae ade date oe N a 22.120

Dainim M Properly asics ess clea E ATAT E 22.121

Source of: Funds cios chanptaac then Maecenas e e a S T R aiis 22.122

Marital Property rninn i a ai sbasadaadessaeey ened suuhddaaes tuaeaaes EEE 22,123

Appreciation in Value of Nonmarital Property .0.......eeeceeecceceeeeeceeeeeeeteeeenteeeenaeeees 22.124 Property Title ice paces tetera a ates eae heels A cag arab que enacted aaa eaa esto! 22.130 actors: im Equitable Division: ooe n E soca ds cca esa tece sadaseeaaecta A A E 22.150 Methods of Equitable Division 1.22%, cosscisosudeiesd seed acagsoaacadeshosaceasednsegd nao tarnteccatsegoadeaeoantedans 22.170 Resulting Trust; Equitable Division ..............eccccessseceenceceeneeceeaceceeeeeceeneecseeeeceeeeeeneeeenaes 22.180 Inceptive Fraud (Constructive Trust); Equitable Division ......... cs eeseeseeeeeeeereeeeseeeeetees 22.182 Partitioning; Equitable Divisiow isteni oon eh ee eter EEA etna 22.184 Coordination of Equitable Division with Nonmarital/Separate Property .............. 22.190 Introduction to Alimony i 0a Pe tess wig va talus a a a aah dae saat awe votes 22.200

Contents—civil--updated August 2020 5

Alimo 24 53.0 seats en cco aaa aaa a ER 22.210

Adultery Aae aaa atg ch va Mite gaa aera ttind ca aah vetetas sacs bantiseitbaud E ee paambaas cemented hae 22.220 Desertion serceto ena paee E E E aE e dua Ee EE OE ETEA TETEN 22.230 Amount of AMOY eseo eaaa tesqesueadaaacanaelacagatdahoetonaneseusete 22.240 Types of Alimony Awards; Method of Payment ....ssesesessseeesseeseesessresressersresrersresseseeesee 22.250 RGSS EUS PINION Y serio aesir at ance a a E rene em ee 22.260 Inceptive Fraud (Constructive Trust); Alimony ......... cee eeceeseceseeceeeeeceeceeeeeeeeenneeeesaes 22.270 Partitioning: ALIMONY: 2.css.ccsdsesaecesesedeyd catenvacdesaccesvarsusasaisnavaidasesvacaasoeaaeca shasdeva bedestaetverace 22.280 Coordination of Alimony and Nonmarital/Separate Property ...........eecceeeseceesseeeesteeeeees 22.290 Child: Süpport: Determined Latër ss lee eat aisle aha E deta eal as Seats va aan Mise deanna 22.300 BOP OF Verdict iesnas srna reae n a E E EE E E aE EEA oS 22.640

Form of Verdict; Divorce (if at issue) oo... ccccccessssccecececeesessnsececesceseeenesseseeeseeeens 22.641

Form of Verdict; Nonmarital Property aia atiotwsa ened ound piace: 22.642

Form of Verdict; Equitable Division of Marital Property .......ssesesesesssessssessseessees 22.643

Fötm of- Verdict: AMOY. sieisen aa iere e ai 22.644

Form of Verdict; Resulting Trust):.2.44280 ies oe oli eee eae 22.645

Form of Verdict; Inceptive Fraud 2.2.4, oecah sis ciaareo rath lacededaievaeedieecemea tend lucedanndans 22.646 Merdict Formirana a E a EA E a 22.700 Child: SUpport oinn a ea ae a ao Raa os 23.000 Child: Support: Oblig atron Leeyuancae petate Maren Onan E E E nnn Dee Men Neen 23.001 Child Support; Number of Children cic0.cc0caccceaiastesssncnaauanenstapceseesasaeseasanse laa tvanceaseaceasaanee 23.050 Gross Income saer e a ter aa aca en sles e a E EEA E E ee aieea 23.100 Gross: Income: DehNed? E E EAE E EE EE A EA 23.110 Income from Self-Employment .........ssesesssesssseeesseesseessesssesssseeesstesseesseesseessseressresseesseesset 23.120 Fringe Benets amaie a a a se wat aca a Gp 23.130 Variable Income sniene ninn n a Ea E E EEEE AEEA oS 23.300 Irregular or One-Time Income .....s..sssnesessseseseseesseesseessessseresseeesseessetsseesseeesseeesseesseesseesset 23.310 Military Compensation and Allowances .......eseeseeesesesesesresseesresressessrerressersresrersreseeseeesee 23.320 Exclusions from Neomenia 23.330 HUET: Income rsads an e e a e a ahs t a shes a 23.340 Underèmploy Ment ssie nseni ernie eae rE IE a ETE A E aa EEst 23.350

Undéremployment: Factis cecina e a R R E E aE 23.352

Care tak Cte Explained zs seni n a a E N evaded: 23.355

Underemployment; Imputed Income .........esssssessseesseesseessesessetssstesseesseesseessseessseesseese 23.357

Underemployment; Not for Armed Services ........cceesscessceceenceceeeeeceeeeecseeeeeeneeeesaes 23.359 Verdict og cies cad entei E E E A A a raa a E E Ea E EE EEEo 23.450 19 [es SE: 8 0) 0 AEE EE E AE AEEA E Se erry ere rmery rare ae een 23.500 Deviation? e HA det opdatesh Pace teh ne ieee eee Aiea a Sead ON 23.510

Deviation; When Authorized/Prohibited .......seseseseseseseseserererererererererererererererererereree 23.515 Deviation; Nonparent Custodian’s Income ...........::ceessecessceceeseeceeneeceeeeeceeceeceeeeeeneeeenaes 23.520 Hich PS ais decd Sas tapes a A spe eg Rise say wae es ag se a ets 23.530 MW Dotee aa cots E E EA E A occas san cach taeece T 23.535 Othër Health Related Insurance: ice: scsscsscnsatesyaiecdant neyo hee i nnn i 23.540

Life Insurance: 3siiccsassossncdhsvaccons seeeeastanesccdaseseneiareavahdusnaeaeaannsvaasaty SE TETES 23.545 Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit ..........no.nnonesssessessseesseeessetssetsseesserssseesssresseesseessee 23.550

Travel Expensere rmen e a E s E E E E E AEE 23.555

6 Contents—civil--updated August 2020

PRIMING TS edited cchiet as ot oas te ceatad yest te daitdit as sta ocak csi upctaenchial as eon agadieates cco letemtlat at tons ares 23.560

IWEOTIS A Cir enin cheese ash geek eh aaa eet aaa E eens ee gee eta saga tence ees 23.565 DECS Permanency Plan. -saccciscsovssdiscgeasiepaveleil, ivaccessasuesiscevaaedsousadeesedeeudsseveatasdenacoavnaveane 23.570 Extraordinary Expense; Generally <.csstcsssssdetanayacsgncacadestegsastesgaateetaedotasanooaateageanaetoneatdes 23.575 Extraordinary Expense; Education .......seesseeeseseeeeeseessrsresseesrerressetsteseresteseseresresseseresresst 23.577 Special Expense Incurred for Child Rearing .......sseseeeesesseeessrsesesreeseeseresressereresresseesresees 23.578 Extraordinary Expense; Medical io ic5 case colons Aad eel dette en schmitt Saal gra ek ee te 23.579 Extended Parenting Time sinisiin osoei r aae e a iaiia a 23.580 Nónspecifi Deviations: 635.2225 ee a eoa e n EE OEA aed dae EA tate Seog 23.585 Verdict: Deviation oitenta Ala Peete eis hv eR ie eA eh 23.590 Verdict: FOr etaissis sessed cae$ a a ocaca bubdeaeeaite cats a Sedhcededs suagesutel a a A toon 23.595 Modification or Initial Determination of Child Support —Parties

Never Married aeree ees eaa eiemass Gi a Olea as ei Se ele 23.700

Modification or Initial Determination of Child Support —Parties

Never Married; Preliminary Instruction .0..........eccceesceceeececeseeeceeneeceeeeeceeeeeceteeeeeeeeeees 23.701

Modification or Initial Determination of Child Support —Parties

Never Married; Final Instruction .0..............ccccccccccceceseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseeees 23.705 Employer and Employee ................:.cccccccesssecessecescecesaeeceeneeceeaeecseneeceeeeecseeeeceeeeeseeeeens 24.000 Employer, Duties:of; Generally as.clesiorecsspshinenste aiaas sey senshi aueaghadeestieky. Sotawisenit eaten 24.010 Employer, Selection and Retention of Employees ....... eee eeeceeeeeeseeceeceeeeeeeeeeneeenaeens 24.020 Employer, Place to Work; Generally c5c.t 311s cccases races isa ceaule.cetess as edadeasecciaciunersasaeeeaaieas 24.030 Employer, Place to Work; Changing Conditions 200.0... eeeeeeeseeeeneeceseeeeeeeeeeeeneeenaeens 24.040 Employer, Presumption of Ordinary Care ...... eee eeeescecsecesecseeeeseeeesseesnaecseesseeeeneees 24.050 Employer, Duty to Warn Pmployee:.c.234.2:33 cae A eee 24.060 Employee; Duty of: Fellow Employees 2.22.0.0. ye oe eee eed 24.070 Employee, Machinery i2siccccdo.c socsd nguieaithiateodeaiedeorseeteaaedigeetssatearteelaaieniumenaedae 24.080 Employee, Placeto: WOtk omenia ce es aielet eG tetas ciel ela Rake che. 24.090 Employee; Assumption of RISK sereine lia Se oie deal pads 24.100 Employee, Children, Diligence Required Of 0.00... cee ceeeeseeseceneceeeeeseeeeaeeceaeceseesseeeeneees 24.110 Employee, Railroad Employees; Generally 20.0.0... cee eeeeccecescceeseeeeeseeceeseeeeeneeeeneeeenaeeees 24.200 Employee, Railroad Employees; Federal Employer’ s Liability Act ..... eee eee 24.210 Employee, Railroad Employees; Statutory Violations by Railroad 0... eee eeeeeee 24.220 Employee, Railroad Employees; Comparative Negligence Rule Applies ..............0 24.230 Employee, Railroad Employees; Care for Own Safety oo... cee eeeeseessecsseceseeeeeeenaeenee 24.240 Fraud and Deceit iicccscdvisiesissieiccsssncaiidsssccssousesdiceagaaesaretaaetdovessdetaecadasibadtis ates sacvocsecs 26.000 Fraud and Deceit; Definitions; Presumption and Proof ...........eceeeeeceeseeceeeteeeenteeeenseeees 26.010 Fraud and Deceit; Contracts, Effect OM ..............ccc0cssesesssesessssessessessessessesesssssssssesssesesesees 26.020 Fraud and Deceit; Diligence Required of Plaintiff oo... eee eesecseceseeeseeeeseeeaeenes 26.030 Fraud and Deceit; Misrepresentation and Concealment .0...... ee ceeeeeeeesecsseceeeeeeneeeaeenes 26.040 Fraud and Deceit; Rescission and Restitution; Generally 0.0... eee eeeeeceesseceenteeeeneeees 26.050 Fraud and Deceit; Goods, Sale of; Generally... cee eeceeceecceeesececseeeeeeteeeeseeeeneeeenaeeees 26.100 Fraud and Deceit; Goods, Sale of; Trover ..............c.cc0ceseeessssessesssssssssssssssssssssessssssseseeees 26.110 Fraud ‘and Deceit: Releases: siiccccccdiscccadessvccscdeseccussssescscdesdccnavsse secede te ccubussescuceesdcendussbeevees 26.200 Fraud and Deceit; Lands, Sale Of oo... ccccceecceccccccccssssssssccccccssseeussssceccessssueaseesseses 26.300 Fraud and Deceit; Goods, Sale of; Generally (Commercial Code) .........ceeeeeeeeeeeeteeees 26.400

Contents—civil--updated August 2020 7

Fraud and Deceit; Damages; Generally (Commercial Code) ........eeeseeeeeeceeeseeeeeteeeenes 26.500 Fraud and Deceit; Buyer’s Incidental and Consequential

Damages (Commercial Code) a. s.ccseseasececdasaceversvaavcatusnsvaciaseaveisaseess consbaseave teceuaternenae’ 26.510 Fraud and Deceit; Buyer’s Incidental Damages ....0.......ceecceeseeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeteeeees 26.511 Fraud and Deceit; Buyer’s Consequential Damages .......... cee eeeeeseceeeeeeeeeenees 26.512 Fraud and Deceit; Seller’s Incidental Damages (Commercial Code) ..........ceeeeeeeeeeee 26.520 GIPS es ans essa eia avn asa Gens A E a Ta onset EASES TEE E to aeRO aE 28.000 Gifts © Essentials A CCE DUAIICE xcs heen orana ee a t E EA ated EE 28.010 Gifts; Personal Property; Delivery; Gemerall ys .......0scsvsessncsgsecgsnsseveancedenchcessndedeasss¥enees 28.020 Gifts; Delivery of Personal Property to Third Person; Recovery ........ceeeeeseeseeeereeeeees 28.030 Gifts; Realty; Gifts from Parent to Child oo... cee ec eeceeceencecssececeseeeceeceeceeeeeeseeeeceeeeeesaes 28.040 Gifts; Realty Plus Valuable Improvement 0.0.0.0... ceeeeseeeeseecseceseeeseeesaeeceaecneesseeeenees 28.050 Implied Obligation to Pay 34306040. oie Shee a eae 30.000 Implied: Obligations; Generally sccccssccccssecssccsasoteeavsedvdanevessiansscs socacscogeaecoevadentaaneeenea apenas 30.010 Implied Obligations: Usual Practice siacice4 olitecean ues gel ail elven onsaee 30.100 Implied Obligations; Family Transactions; Generally ........ ee eee eeseceseceeeeeeeeenaeeneeees 30.200 Implied Obligations; Parent and Child oes eeeeesseeeseceseeeeseecsaeceseesseeeeaeecsaeenseenees 30.210 Implied Obligations; Property, Transfer Of 0.0... eee eesceseceeeeeeseeeseecneeeeeeesaeessaeenseesees 30.300 Implied Obligations; Money Had and Received 00.0... ceeeeceeeseecneeceseceseeesseecnaeenseeeees 30.400 Insurance opacities nani Dek aia a amt oe E A an ln aaa ide 32.000 Insurance; Misrepresentation; Generally ..........ceecceeseccesscecesscecesneeceeneecseeeecseeeesteeeesaes 32.010 Insurance; Misrepresentations, Innocent 00.0... eeeceeneeceececeeneecesneeceseeeceeceecseeeecsteeeesaes 32.020 Insurance: ComCe aliments ina an biets a dec asodh aecedelsahd tangs pecans Uh iows a 32.030 Insurance; Failure to Pay Claim; Bad Patthivs..is3i ssjenesenxeeenss4pcaseheeaeeesiongeaisetvaccseasasansantes 32.100 Insurance; Suicide, Presumption Against ........0.....csccscceccesseccetsceconteccensecceseeconteecentees 32.200 Insurable Interest: E d E E A decal sees tN betas ea ee eth eee 32.300 Insurable Tnterese: Property a .as.ccaaseek geayzavirpaeseee scenes vasiceedeatquadaaeataacigeeaeovacks NSE ESELS 32.400 Interest and USUrY Lorien niia a as a AAE E E E N hacen ened 34.000 Usury Definition; sisi aa A E E R TA N 34.010 Usury; Intention; Indirect Means wiv. cccsseccccesssievetrwevsacies geaesanececdsaedeaecassnsaaeasbcseceanuenace 34.020 Landlord and Tenant 2:..s:2::20.::ihosaedeeten ison a apse ed ad aeesesties a ecto eee 36.000 Landlord and Tenant; Duty of Landlord; Generally 0.0... cee eeeececeeneeceeececeeeeeeeteeeesaes 36.010 Landlord and Tenant; Duty of Landlord at Time of Rental ...... eee eeeeeeeeeereeeneeees 36.020 Landlord and Tenant; Duty of Landlord during Rental ...... eee eeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 36.030 Landlord and Tenant; Liability of Landlord; Generally .........e eee eeecceeeeceeeteeeeeteeeeeee 36.200 Landlord and Tenant; Liability of Landlord; Patent Defects;

Liability to Tenantiaeth ee oan si vaca EET ET REE aai 36.210 Landlord and Tenant; Liability of Landlord during Rental;

Possession (Partial) by Landlord oi... eeeceeeccecssececsecceceeeeeceeececssececseeeesaeeeenaeeeaas 36.220 Landlord and Tenant; Liability of Landlord; Latent Defects 0000.0... eee eeeeeeteeeeeteeeeees 36.230 Landlord and Tenant; Liability of Landlord; Repairs during Tenancy ......... eee 36.240 Landlord and Tenant; Duty of Tenant; Notice to Landlord... eeeeeeseceesteeeenteeeeees 36.300

8 Contents—civil--updated August 2020

Landlord and Tenant; Duty of Tenant; Avoidance of Danger ...........eeeceeeeceeeeeeeeneeeees 36.310

Landlord and Tenant; Tenants; Privies .................:00c0seesssseessesssssesssssssssesssssesssessseseseeseees 36.400 Landlord and Tenant; Tenant, Duty of; Repairs; Setoff against Rent;

DAMAGES. sesioen ei a a a a sagan a aae aaa taaa aiet 36.500 Landlord and Tenant; Dispossessory Warrants (Tenants Holding Over) seses 36.600 Limitation of ACHODS 553 vitor arcdencnlan eectiatel aoa a R a N toe aioe 38.000 Statute of Limitations; Explanation viccsasisssesccssvaccesssccyeasssvcscdsndeatenssccceanecodanededsassoanasenns 38.010 Statute of Limitations; Fraud as Affecting Limitations; Generally «00... eeeeeeeeeeees 38.100 Statute of Limitations; Fraud as Affecting Limitations;

Diligence: OF Plaintifi nisin aaa nea ads estat sa ces as EE a a T EEES 38.110 Statute of Limitations; New Promise; Generally .......ssnssssssessssssseseseeeesseesseeesseesseesseessees 38.200 Statute of Limitations; New Promise; Letters (Correspondence) ........ssssssssesssesseessesesee 38.210 Limitation of Actions; Bankruptcy Cases; New Promise; Generally .............eeeeeeeeees 38.300 Limitation of Actions; Bankruptcy Cases; Promise between

Adjudication and Discharge sacsiccaissteccaacasvsssctvsnsdcncssecdascalegs iecestacad evaesductesetiacchdesedavs 38.310 Limitation of Actions; Laches .........ccccccccccccccccseessscscccccccssssssscsccccssseseesscscecsssssuueususcesess 38.400 Mem Gal Capacity E E EE Sess esnctades A vacau ooo eget oaoracaicas woveadaoat 40.000 Mental Capacity; Insane Persons; Definition; Generally ..........ceeeeceeeseeeeeseeeenteeeeneeeees 40.010 Mental Capacity; Insane Persons; Guardianship and

Civil Rights Generally soirs e aces cc eg cas E NE A E A sensi tadeee R 40.020 Mental Capacity; Insane Persons; Contractual Power; Generally;

Guardianship as Affecting Necessaries, Liability foro... eee eeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeneeenaeeees 40.030 Mental Capacity; Insane Persons; Tort Liability Of oe eeeeeseeseceeeeeeeeeeaeeesaeenes 40.040 Mental Incapacity at Time of Marriage; Incurable

Mental-TMlness:DIVGtCe cise cinsssksd.cvedncadsesedesiceddned dovaedads Seceneaduewsde sient E NEG 40.050 Mental Capacity; Testamentary Capacity, Test Of oo... ceeeeeeeeeneecsseceseeeseeeeaeecsaeenes 40.060 Mental Capacity; Contractual Capacity, Test Of ..... eee eeseeeeceseeeneecnaeeeseesseeeeneessaeenes 40.070 Motör Vehicles- orse aed ae sat aed eevee e ae cutee eee Ales 42.000 Motor Vehicles; Speed and Control; Generally .0....... cece eeecceesscceeseeeeeeseeeeseeceeneeeenaeeees 42.010 Motor Vehicles; Definitions e a a A a a a a ERES aaa 42.100 Motor Vehicles; Definitions; Intersection ..........eseseserererereeererererrrsrrrrrrrerereerrrrrerereerereeees 42.110 Motor Vehicles: Definitions: Roadway <ss2:i05c.yescsas acca eves ts okscevadceoasdacs osseassmeav ences natons 42.120 Motor Vehicles; Definitions; Highway 2..c45s¢ocisvaqs sacxsues¥esteces so hand oenkeneas tease evaeatevoeeee 42.130 Motor Vehicles; Definitions; Through Highway .............:cesccecssececeseceeseeceesteeeeseeeeenaeeees 42.140 Motor Vehicles; Definitions; Right-of-Way ..........ccccceesscecssececseececseeeeeseeeeeneeeeneeeenaeeees 42.150 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Miscellaneous Regulations .00..... cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeees 42.200 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Highways Crossing Each Other ...........ceeeeeseeeeeeeeees 42.210 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; T-Shaped Intersection ..........eccceeeseceesseceesseeeenteeeenseeees 42.220 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Yield Signs ...........ccceesccecsseceeesececeeeeeesteeeeseeeeseeeenaeeees 42.230 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Stop Signs ..........ecceeesccecssceceseceeeseeeeseeceeneeeeneeeeaeeees 42.240 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Left Tums: ociaccistcntenadeaaiacetonsisast eats 42.250 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Private Roads .........eeeceeeseceessececsseceeeteeeeneeeeseeeeaeeees 42.260 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Alleys, Driveways, or Buildings 00... eeeeeeeeeeeeees 42.270 Motor Vehicles; Right-of-Way; Pedestrians on Roadways ..........cceseessecsseceseeeneeeeaeeees 42.300

Contents—civil--updated August 2020 9

Motor Vehicles; Pedestrians on Highway; Generally 00.0... eee eeeeceessceeeseceenteeeeneeeenes 42.310

Motor Vehicles; Rule of the Road (Meeting) \i4..45s5c4cascceaccdesadacsasscspenassesettedeceecedenndenens 42.400 Negotiable Instruments 1.52055 deceshs di aeracsaadsi Risdeavdoeagagshitiandgiea i hedge teed 44.000 Negotiable Instruments; Delivery; Negotiations; Indorsement 0.0.0.0... cece eeseeeeeeeeeee 44.010 Negotiation; Payable to Order a, cscxi2s a ceascaspacantavecadayougacees soxesun WaKeeaesecotsgeteastaee? 44.011 Negotiation: Payable to Beater ..ccneadvapieuteni dan andeiie itanindieten ae 44.012 Negotiation; Special Indorsement ........... cee eeeeeessececsecceceeeeeceeeeeceececseeeeneeeenaeeeaes 44.013 Negotiation; Blank Indorsement .00.........ceeeeeeeccecsecceceeceeceeeeeceeeeceeeeeseeeeneeeenaeeeaas 44.014 Negotiable Instruments; Indorsement, Necessity of; Effect of Delivery Withoüt scrasa eeraa prn his cena E N E aE 44.020 Negotiable Instruments; Negotiability; Fraud, Incapacity, and Other Defects as Affecting Rescission; Void Transactions ...........::escceeeseeeeeteeeeeees 44.100 Nuisantes oere cs ose a 2a saves ro pte aN E E A RRR 46.000 Nuisaneeés® Definition ainara aa a a an vasbcxcais Meacaats vetsaesvaned cave sbezestsaeoaees 46.010 Nuisances: Atte Right to yo.cbscas.cctedes ascuacnfessetey A sues eed E k EnG 46.020 Nuisances; Reasonable Use of Property, Duty Of ........ eee ceeececeeneeceeeeeceeeeeeeeneeeneeeenaes 46.030 Nuisances; Public Nuisances, Private Right to Abate .......ceeceeeseeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeenaes 46.040 Partneėrship: es iste Sek sas tae aca cad es sc cea ae es n a n A ias 48.000 PArinershi py Defined: ereenn a ns a a E A 48.010 Partnership; Creation; Generally and as to Third Persons ....ssecceeseseeeeeereseeeeereereersee 48.020 Limited Partnerships under the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Actes tenne e a e a E Ea EEEE ESE ET GS 48.100 Limited Partnership; Definition .........sesesssesssseesssesserssersserssseessseessetsseesseessseessseesseesseesset 48.110 Limited: Partier; Liability Of. 2ss.cesececnssag ceasosen eie SE aiaa 48.120 Limited Partner; Right of Inspection and Information ....ssssesseeseseesesseseresressersresrersesee 48.130 Limited Partnership; General Partner; Rights, Powers, and Liabilities «0.0.0... 48.140 Limited Partnership; Contribution, Forms Of ..........eecccessseceeneeceeececeeeeeceeceeceseeeeeeeeesaes 48.150 Limited Partner; Distribution upon Withdrawal 00.0... eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeneeceseeeseeeeneeeaeens 48.160 Limited Partnership; Partnership Interest, Nature Of 00.0.0... ceeceeeseeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeceteeeesaes 48.170 Limited Partner; Right to Bring Action wo... cece eescecsseceseeeeeeeeseecaeceseeeseeeeseessaeenseesaes 48.180 Limited Partnerships under the Uniform Limited Partnership Act ....... eee eeeeeeeeeee 48.200 Limited: Partnership De Hirai Ons 2035.6. 03 desc sai cioas saad cs daate ons acon actin a saees ar eia 48.210 Limited Partnership; Obligations isc vase eee eee eee 48.220 Limited Partnership; Contributions ..2..ccccsccctssecdccissnsssasiesncausssnseeatasessacesseadentaacesen cade ssaee 48.230 Limited Partnership; False Statements in Certificate, Liability foro... eee 48.240 Limited Partnership; Rights sisiscsciis.cccasasesehesassacedeasecsaatassscaddesaccseatecsastehadunedeusncaavsdecsne 48.250 Limited Partnership; Withdrawal or Reduction of Contributions 2.00.0... eeeeeeeeee 48.260 Limited Partnership; Conditions for Receipt of Contribution... ee eeeeeeeees 48.261 Limited Partnership; Demand for Return of Contribution ....... cee eeeeeeeeeeeeees 48.262 Limited Partnership; Right to Receive Cash 2: ccs gee cktia loan gee aes 48.263 Limited Partnership; Dissolution of Partnership «00.0.0... eeseeeceeeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeneees 48.264 Limited Partnership; Liability to Partnership 20.0.0... cee eeeccecesceceeececeeeeeeseeceeseeeeneeeenas 48.270 Limited Partnership; Nature of Interest in Partnership 20.0.0... eesceeeeeeeeeneeesseceseeeeees 48.280 Limited ‘Partnership; Death, Effect of .si..siccciecsdcaessiccentstassicdasnasdecsossdantacssnad conneederseseasee 48.290

10 Contents—civil--updated August 2020

Limited Partnership; General Partners; Rights, Powers; Liabilities ......0........ 48.295

Partnership; Employee Distinguished from Partner .0....... ci ceeeeceeeseeseceseeeeeeeeseeeaeeees 48.300 Partnership; Other Transactions ..d:siscscsxscecdeslevsadcodensecvascesednatecsacdebnddeednscveatesdnsnceueaveasa 48.400 PGS CHI (ION: sisri etach sh sata saiak eataa niet eu obit a She Sea as E east A ates ele 8 ca 50.000 Prescription: Definition snaran a a E E E NS 50.010 Prescription: Possession, Actual siere eena a E T 50.100 Prescription; Possession, Actual; Definition 2.0.0... eeeeeceecceessececeeeeecsneeeeseceeneeeenaeeees 50.110 Prescription; Possession, Actual; Boundaries and Nature .0..........eccceeseceesseeeenteeees 50.111 Prescription; Possession, Actual; Duration ............cceceeesececesececseeceeseeeeeseeeesaeeeenaeeees 50.112 Prescription; Possession, COnStUCIIVE:. 5.545955 ssscataqceceds dete denasdancedadesoedadagar cada danspeomantines 50.121 Prescription; Possession, Constructive; Definition; Conflicting Clams eteren a E Sebeaueedoatanc A E 50.122 Prescription; Possession, Constructive; Recorded Deeds Bondars serria e aa a a aa a a NEon soist 50.123 Prescription; Possession, Constructive; Duration, Fraud and Forgery reesen ata cance deaeea tc a a SST 50.124 Prescription; Possession, Constructive; Color of Title 00... eee eeeeceeesseceesteeeeneeees 50.125 Prescription; Acquiescence in LAME: sic.ss:shacsasssecsxdceasaccaeascesndeadyoracde sa cccesaseaceatdadusndeatnavesss 50.200 Prescriptions Agreed Lane siocaire eee aeeoeiaeo aeni rS oE eos 50.210 Prescription; Fraud to Prevent Prescription .......sesseeseseeeseseesseseeseessereresressereresrensessresees 50.220 Prescription: CotenantS seoce aa a a E ASe EEES IA 50.300 Private: Ways eraa a N ATE A E AET A TEAR E RSE 52.000 Private Ways; Establishment by Statute (Ways of Necessity) ......ssesssessssssesseessesssesesees 52.001 Private Ways: Generally is Liha chalice its tan a a AE E i E E 52.010 Private Ways; Indispensalit yc 21c, 20% sansezsuaetesaesecatasovacct dase cease dasqscaaesoccads oueecagasoeobaeee 52.020 Private Ways; Establishment by Prescription ............eeeececeseceessececeeeceeseeeeeneeeeseerenaeeees 52.100 Private Ways; Permissive Usè iscacisiscacssseacaasssdesacsasnecade sadeaudaauareteesoaccdennvcesavessbanedeonedans 52.200 Procėéssioning osote oo eee a i i i eat eet ate ROR ee, 54.000 Processi@nmitig General (RUGS: oinnes ana iar n a S 54.010 PROCSSSIONIN 2 ISS ie ae ea aa E a Eaa eaaa EE ii: 54.020 Processioning; Muniments of Title 0.0... eee ceesscesscecesececeeececeeececeeceeceeeeecseeecseeeeeeeeeens 54.030 Processioning; Possession, Actual (Adverse) ..........:cceesceceeseeceseeeceeneeceeceeceeneecseeeeeeaeeeens 54.040 Processioning Landmarks; Reputation rye oscsyvetiandvenivanss ln cease visage cabanas uahinge eee 54.050 Rast Od COLOSSUS 55 55500005423 cscsscaasasaaguaaeaaianesyade aga seanan esate N dees mated wean 56.000 Railroad Crossings; Signals Outside Municipalities (Blowpost Law) „eseese 56.001 Railroad Crossings; Signals within Municipalities; Bell oo... eeeeeeesseceeeeeeeeeeneees 56.010 Railroad Crossings: General aceon ie E a E R ee ave E E E ee ele 56.100 Railroad Crossings; Maintenance of Grade Crossings .......sseessesssesssesssssessseesseessersseeesees 56.110 Railroad Crossings; Stop at Railroad Grade Crossings .......seessesesesssesssseeessresseessersseesees 56.120 Railroad Crossings; Obedience to Signal Indicating PXPPUOAC COL A. B w Ti a APEP E EEE E E ceca as anes 56.121 Railroad Crossings; All Vehicles Must Stop at Certain Railroad Grade Crossings x; sisccas.ccssdacasustacceus scenes sbasansadess cecapdavad svaessacteneabacchdoeceate 56.122

Contents—civil--updated August 2020 11

Railroad Crossings; Certain Vehicles Must Stop at All

Railroäd Crossings sepsis tts casi E E A a subeih cara R N a S 56.123

Railroad Crossings; Moving Heavy Equipment at

Railroad: Grade: CrosSin Gs: sicuris essre geis n onire ai aa NSS Ne 56.124 SUED IONE isrann aa a aA Aa N eee 58.000 Subrogation; Circumstances Creating Right .........ssesessseessssssessseresseessstessresseesseresseesssees 58.010 TOTIS ecito E E eE SE aN EEE E ESEE EENE 60.000 Torts: AMtrOGUCTION a n a N aa e a 60.001 Torts; Ordinary Negligence (Ordinary Diligence) .........snssssesssssessessessserssseesssresseesseessee 60.010 Torts; Slight Negligence (Extraordinary Diligence) .....eeseeseseeseesesererersersrrsrrrsressesrresee 60.020 Torts; Gross Negligence (Slight Diligence) .......ssssssssesssesssssesssresserssessseeesseessseessresseesset 60.030 Torts: Children, Dues are: Dyarrr seere e e AE oa EESE 60.040 Torts NEG BENCE Per Se Sapa aer a E E E E E eiege ee 60.050 Torts; Negligence; One Act Sufficient sccscicctacoteasisedvdantiessecnes ch seauaa cansaetvensdcataaneeenea hpstes 60.060 Torts; Care for Own Safety, Duty to Exercise .........sesesssesssseeessresseesseesseresseerssressresseesset 60.110 Torts; Avoidance of Consequences .........seseseseesesesseesseesseesereessetsstessersseeeseeeseeesseesseesset 60.120 TOTES SANS SUMMON OE RISK os ace coe sce igs a A A E R ORT 60.130 Torts: TEIMIGE SEM CY’ misss eusroet cancted goes bees osaneus yas eeeseasa ee tabes tags nase ahs da vpucneted shes eateseoeel 60.150 TOMS SA CCIAENU 4 zi czttertedstssvccseetiued a Sunvanswannd sah eectents dec odads subeedataneh an eos gee a aai 60.160 Torts: Imputed Negligence ainiaan ts actua a E O a omega A 60.170

Torts; Imputed Negligence; Generally sca.urie sucuiaiestcns taney aedielare nents 60.171

Torts; Imputed Negligence; Children... eee ceeesceesseceeneeceeeeeceeneeceeeeeceeeeeeseeeeesaes 60.172

Torts; Imputed Negligence; Guests .c.sscessocstevercesiasvebesaesseaeseedehes seayandediwd ies anteceenees 60.173 Torts; Proximate Cause; Definition .........cccccc cc ccccceeeeececcccccscsssssssecccccessssesseeecescssesenenens 60.200

Torts; Proximate Cause; Foreseeability; Natural and Probable

Consequence; Intervening Cause Rules (Chain Reaction Situation) ................ 60.202 Torts; Proximate Cause; Last Clear Chance .........cccccccccccccccccssesessecccccesessessceceeceseseeenens 60.210 Torts; Counterclaims; Burden of Proof, Comparative Negligence,

Proximate Cause, and Damages as Applied to Verdict .........eceeesceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeees 60.220 Negligence Amplified; Agency, Generally 00... cee eee eesecesceseeeeeeseeceseceseeesaeecnaeenseenaes 60.300 Negligence Amplified; Spouse, Child, or Employee ..........cee ce eseesseceseeeeeeeeseeesaeeneeees 60.310 Negligence Amplified; Willful Torts 5 :.cciscjin historia Snasiee ele aie te eee 60.320 Negligence Amplified; Employees, When Employer Not Liable for ......... eee 60.330 Negligence Amplified; Family Purpose Doctrine ......0.. cee cee eeseeeseceseeeseeeeaeecaeenseeeees 60.340 Negligence Amplified; Independent Contractor .00...... ee eeeeeeceeeseeeseceseeeeeeeeneecnaeenseeees 60.350 Dangerous Instrumentalities cecesiajsdesgcessccesssde detested eaetcede sags antoaaancte ane eed agaeseteraee eae 60.400 Dangerous Instrumentalities; Entrusting to Others ........ eee eee esseceseeeeeeeeseeceaeenseeeeees 60.410 Dangerous Instrumentalities; Use, Generally .0.....e cee eeeccecesececenececseeeeeneeessaeeeenaeeeenas 60.420 Animals, Injuries by; Generally 04:5. sasadSeacasaadaser’ seassenssoenatdeghanasensededudtonadtaayeaccatvegiadaens 60.500 Animals; Knowledge of Viciousness ............csccccesececssececseccecssececsccecsceessaececsaecessaeerenas 60.510 DAVES S? 5 ass ue ct hcen.otecal a as EE dca anemtcat sc eau en cae a acc! 60.600 Inwitees? Definition sense seve eect ccd eo teec nsec ees eee ee ee te bennett he ee 60.610 Invitees DUty tO ismine e an Ea nEaN ETEEN eE OEE 60.620 Invitees; Actual or Constructive Knowledge ...........s.sessssseesseesseessessseeeeseeessresseesseesseesseee 60.625 Invitees; Imphed Invitation osio ein ei i i i a S 60.630

12 Contents—civil--updated August 2020

TeIGENSEES: secseccshestes TE AEE E E E TETEE TETE 60.700

EAN TAO a EAA E A E E E A E E S 60.710 Lacenseées? General: Test: EE E EAE E teal E ES 60.720 Eicensees: DUY 00: hinm a aa nea gesnestesdcguaatedasssdad antedgaatebeadtageaneetonteaaer 60.730 Prespassets: Definition: Duty tOSerr ei a EE E EEE E E 60.750 TGS ASE LOO UTIL a E OE 60.800 Settlement of TOTS seseracy axes cand cee dasa) E E EA aan dug a E EEA O ES 60.900 Torts: Specihic, seneo a anaa ae a ie a aa ee ee 62.000 Malicious Prosecution, aoaie nE EE E A E TE eave RD 62.001 Malicious Prosecution; Generally 2. s3.s scaseorisasiuscdate raed ds te ceeateeasteaneees me ease 62.010 Malicious Prosecution; Advice of Counsel ......cccccccccccccccssesceccccccccsssssssscscceccssssseseesecesess 62.020 False. Imprisonment eoin teena e E a EEE A AE A RERE 62.100 Balse. Imprisonment; Generally resoan e igeri ises 62.110 False Imprisonment; Warrant, Authority Of ........sesesssesssessesseesseessessseeesseessseesseesseessereseee 62.120 Malicious Arrest) osunssnminui mae a E E A 62.200 MaliciousAtrest: Generally mennase a a R a aE 62.210 Malicious Arrest; Malice, Defined oo... cc cceeesceccccccccssssssssccccccsssseuscececcessssuueeascesess 62.220 Malicious Arrest; Probable Cause, Want Of .......ccccccccccccccccsescecccccccessssssecccccsssseeneaseceeess 62.230 Malicious Arrest; Exempt Persons, Arrest Of .........ccccceesccecsseceeesececeeececsteeeeseeeenaeerenaeeees 62.240 Physician OKA RE CUI ER Of iernii ig i E ea cial busses aoe EE ene aware 62.300 Common Knowledge; Expert Not Required ............ccceeecceceseceeeseceeseeeeeseeeeeneeeeneeeeaeeees 62.310 Physician, Skill Required; After-Acquired Information, Hindsight ........ ee 62.311 Hospital; Degree of Care: cccccsssvecssciseacacdaspassatasassaccesvnseadascesentads E A E ENES 62.320 ATONE Yo LRG OUIT ECON E EE E EEEE E EE 62.400 Consent to MJU eere a a e ase a ae 62.500 Consent:to Injury; Generally serecsresssinniiein niinen i R 62.510 Consent to-Injury; Railroads -Jerina nE EE A a Ea as 62.520 Strict Liability in Tort; Products Liability 2... ancien eee nae eka: 62.600 Strict Liability in Tort; General Explanation and Burden of Proof „s.es 62.610 Strict Liability; Manufacturing Defect; Generally ...... eee eeeceeeseceeeneeeesneeeeneeeenaeeeenes 62.620 Strict Liability; Manufacturing Defect; Deviation from Designo... eee eeseeeeeeeeeee 62.630 Stict Liability: Desien Defect 5. x.c.254;soccn), atest as see a a EE Ti teat 62.640 Strict Liability; Design Defect; Risk-Utility Test and Factors ©... 62.650 Strict Liability; Design Defect; Alternative Design Evidence ........ cece eeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee 62.660 Strict Liability; Design Defect; Compliance with Industry standards or Government Rau lalOns: 25 5sawccpceutessivasnchivaeade as oabays Aaiestaaese ie Ne 62.670 Defect Due to Inadequate Warning ..2:%,.<5)<esacede sdececata gated tase cdosatsedeararsoncatesorenatemecoaieks 62.680 Duty to Warn; Foreseeable and Unforeseeable Uses 0.0... eee eeeeeeeseeeeeteceeeteeeeneeees 62.681 Duty to Warn; Open and Obvious Danger .......... ce eeeeeeecceceeececeeeeeeeeeeeeneeesnaeeeenaeeees 62.682 Continuing Duty to Wati essre caradacesaenctes sede cacabeed asad Tereon N EES Ee Or EPESI oes emenntenays 62.683 Assumption of the Risk Defense 2.150 ..cc.eidvess ia BAR es ae is 62.700 Assumption of the Risk Defense; Products Liability 0.0... cee eeeeeeceseceeeseeeeeeeeeenaeeees 62.710 Jury Deliberations Product Defect 5s. cycies iexsecisncustdeparesesatscasagy aacasanentd auese syanesaceiweeactendar 62.720 ADUSIVE: Litigation sis2c<c0edscecssndsensaevannaccavasedeyateaensalausdsveioaavesuaei se eneduss ceoanvcnsatesabunedeasnccays 62.730 Abusive Litigation; Voluntary Termination 000.0... cece eeeesseceseeceseeeseeeeaeecsaeenseensees 62.731 Abusive Litigation; Good Patty. 62.3 cite ia ews e pate ee 62.732